非谓语动词

众所周知,谓语动词是被主语所限定的,与之相对的就是非限定动词,也就是非谓语动词
一句话中只有一个谓语动词,其余的为非谓语动词
I am a rabbit, I eat carrots.
I am a rabbit, so I eat carrots.([[连词]])
Because I am a rabbit, I eat carrots.(主句+[[从句]])

动词不定式

^29fa52

to + 动词原型
完全不定式(full infinitive)
To be or not to be, that is the question.
生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题
裸不定式:(bare infinitive)
You helped me (to) cook the carrot.
你帮我烧 (做菜)了胡萝卜.
作用:
1. 不定式短语做主语
To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.
一天吃一根胡萝卜对兔子有好处
It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.
使用 It 做形式主语,主系表,主语在后面
2. 不定式短语做宾语
The rabbit likes to eat carrots.
兔子喜欢吃胡萝卜.
使用It做形式宾语
I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.
我发现每天吃一个胡萝卜很重要
注意:有些动词后面不能接不定式作宾语
3. 不定式作宾语补语
The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.
兔子指望狼吃一根胡萝卜
注意:前面为[[使役动词]]时,不定式做宾补需要省略to
Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.
胡萝卜使兔子感到快乐
4. 不定式作定语
The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat.
兔子有很多胡萝卜要吃
5. 不定式做状语
1. 表原因
I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.
我很吃惊(因为)得到一个赞
I was surprised because I got a thumbs-up.
我很吃惊,因为有人给我点赞了,
2. 表目的
I will do anything to get a thumbs-up.
我为了得到一个赞会做任何事
I will do anything in order that I get a thumbs-up.
为了点赞量我能做出任何事儿
3. 表结果
I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.
我得到足够的赞,可以去做另一个视频啦!
I got enough thumbs-up, so that I made another video.
我得到了很多点赞,于是我做了另一个视频
高级不定式
to +动词原形(“状态”) ^6f01c2

动[[名词]]

^b420d3

动词原形+ing
动名词作主语
Carrots are healthy for the rabbit.
胡萝卜对免子来说很健康
Eating carrots is healthy for the rabbit.
吃胡萝卜(这个行为)对兔子来说很健康
动名词作表语(主语补语)
The rabbit’s hobby is growing carrots.
兔子的爱好是种胡萝
动名词作定语
a sleeping pill
a pill for sleeping
动名词做宾语
The rabbit likes eating carrots.
兔子喜欢吃胡萝卜.
[[介词]]+宾语 非谓语动词(动名词)
The rabbit is looking forward to seeing the wolf again.
兔子期望再次见到狼

如何判断句子中是动名词还是现在分词

a sleeping rabbit
相当于一个[[形容词]]修饰兔子的状态,说明是现在分词

现在分词

^0cff3d

现在分词暗含主动关系,即被描述的是做出动作的人/物 令人

通常:+ing
有些动词在此基础上改变拼写,如:
write→ writing, 不是writeing
hit → hitting, 不是hiting
die → dying, 不是dieing
可以当[[形容词]]来用
interesting其实是interest的现在分词
可以当宾补
The wolf saw the rabbit eating a carrot.
狼之前看到兔子正在吃一根胡萝卜
The wolf saw the rabbit eat a carrot.
狼之前看到兔子吃了根胡萝卜.(全程)
作状语
表示时间,原因,条件,结果,让步,目的,方式和伴随情况等
Hearing the news, the rabbit became excited.
听到这个消息,兔子很激动.

过去分词

^725f9f

过去分词暗含被动关系,即被描述的是动作的接受者 感到

通常:+ ed
如: looked(看), smelled(闻), tasted(品尝)…
有些动词是”不规则变化”,如:
eat → eaten
bring→ brought
feel → felt
过去分词因为是非谓语动词,因此是不自带时间的
The rabbit will eat minced carrot next week.
兔子下周会吃搅碎的胡萝卜
过去分词短语做定语,则要放到被修饰的名词之后,被称为后置定语
The carrot cake eaten by the rabbit is delicious.
过去分词作主语补语(表语)
The rabbit is interested in growing carrots.
兔子对种胡萝卜感兴趣
作状语
表地点原因条件
If the weather permits, the rabbit will go out.
天气允许的话,兔子就出门.
以上这种一个简单句除去核心的谓语动词外,其他的动词转为对应的过去分词或现在分词的用法,语法上称作”[[独立主格]]“


非谓语动词
https://www.zheep.top/2025/04/18/非谓语动词/
作者
西行寺岩羊
发布于
2025年4月18日
许可协议