代词
人称代词
介绍
There is a rabbit. It is white. It is eating a carrot. It looks happy.
有只兔子.它是白色的.它在吃一根胡萝卜.它看起来很开心.
中文 | 主格 (Subject) | 宾格 (Object) |
---|---|---|
我 | I | me |
我们 | we | us |
你 | you | you |
你们 | you | you |
他 | he | him |
他们(男性) | they | them |
她 | she | her |
她们(女性) | they | them |
它 | it | it |
它们 | they | them |
人称代词的”格”
I saw him. He also saw me.
主格,宾格的常见疑问
you and I 作主语(主格)
You and I saw him.
你和我看见了他,
you and me 作宾语(宾格)
He saw you and me.
他看见了你和我.
口语化Me and my friends went there.我朋友和我去了那里
My friends and I Went there.
我朋友和我去了那里
物主代词
my
形容或限定之后的名词,被称为:[[形容词]]性物主代词
It is my carrot.
它是我的胡萝卜
mine
名词性物主代词
Thee carrot is mine.
中文 | 形容词性物主代词 (Adjective) | 名词性物主代词 (Pronoun) |
---|---|---|
我的 | my | mine |
我们的 | our | ours |
你的 | your | yours |
你们的 | your | yours |
他的 | his | his |
他们的(男性) | their | theirs |
她的 | her | hers |
她们的(女性) | their | theirs |
它的 | its | its |
它们的 | their | theirs |
反身代词
I saw myself.
我看见了我自己
中文 | 反身代词 (Reflexive Pronoun) |
---|---|
我自己 | myself |
我们自己 | ourselves |
你自己 | yourself |
你们自己 | yourselves |
他自己 | himself |
他们自己 | themselves |
她自己 | herself |
她们自己 | themselves |
它自己 | itself |
它们自己 | themselves |
强调代词
The rabbit washed himself.
兔子把自己洗白白.(反身代词用法;作宾语)
(强调代词;作状语)
The rabbit washed the carrots himself
兔子自己洗了胡萝卜.(强调代词;做状语)
相互代词
We should help each other.(帮助是相互的)
传统用法
each other 两者之间
one another 三者之间/三者以上之间
指示代词
诸如”这,“那”的用来指示某个人或物的词,也是代词的一种
后面也可以直接加名词
指代离说话人较近的人或物
This is a rabbit. 这是一只兔子.
These are carrots. 这些是胡萝卜.
指代离说话人较远的人或物
That is a wolf. 那是一只狼.
Those are apples. 那些是苹果
不定代词
many(修饰/代替可数名词复数)
- 例:many rabbits
- 翻译:许多兔子
much(修饰/代替不可数名词)
- 例:much water
- 翻译:许多水
a few(可数名词复数,肯定)
- 例:a few carrots
- 翻译:一些胡萝卜
few(可数名词数,否定)
- 例:few carrots
- 翻译:很少胡萝卜
a little(不可数名词,肯定)
- 例:a little water
- 翻译:一点水
little(不可数名词,否定)
- 例:little water
- 翻译:很少水
some(一般用于肯定句/期望肯定回答的疑问句)
- 例1:The rabbit needs some carrots.
- 翻译:兔子需要一些胡萝卜
- 例2:Would you like some coffee?
- 翻译:你想要一些咖啡吗?
any(用于否定句/一般疑问句,或表示“任何”)
- 例1:Does the rabbit need any carrots?
- 翻译:兔子需要一些胡萝卜吗?
- 例2:The rabbit doesn’t need any carrots.
- 翻译:兔子不需要胡萝卜
- 例3:The rabbit can eat any carrot.
- 翻译:兔子可以吃任何一个胡萝卜
each(每个,作主语时单数;适用于两个及以上)
- 例1:There are many carrots. Each is big.
- 翻译:这有很多胡萝卜,每个都很大
- 例2:There are many carrots on each side of the street.
- 翻译:街道两旁有许多胡萝卜
every(每个,用于三者及以上,不单独作主语)
- 例:There are many carrots.
Every is big.- 翻译:这有很多胡萝卜(不能用 every 作主语)
either(两者中任一,谓语用单数)
- 例1:Give the rabbit this or that carrot. Either is good.
- 翻译:给兔子这根或那根胡萝卜,(两者中)哪一个都好
- 例2:Either of the carrots is good.
- 翻译:(两个)胡萝卜哪一个都很好
neither(两者都不,谓语用单数)
- 例1:Don’t give the rabbit this or that carrot. Neither is good.
- 翻译:不要给兔子这根或那根胡萝卜,(两者中)哪一个都不好
- 例2:Neither of the carrots is good.
- 翻译:(两个)胡萝卜哪一个都不好
both(两者都)
- 例:Both of the two rabbits are cute.
- 翻译:两只兔子都很可爱
all(三者及以上都)
- 例:All of the rabbits are cute.
- 翻译:全部兔子都很可爱
other(另外的,其他的)
- 例:I like this carrot. I don’t like other carrots.
- 翻译:我喜欢这根胡萝卜,不喜欢其他胡萝卜
the other(两者中的另一个)
- 例:This carrot is bigger than the other carrot.
- 翻译:这根胡萝卜比另一根胡萝卜大
another(三者及以上的另一个)
- 例:The rabbit doesn’t like this carrot. Give him another carrot/one.
- 翻译:兔子不喜欢这个胡萝卜,给他另一个
复合不定代词(every-, some-, any-, no- 开头)
前缀 | 表达含义 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
every- | 每个 | everyone(每个人) |
some- | 某个/一些 | someone(某人) |
any- | 任意/任何 | anyone(任何人) |
no- | 没有一个 | no one(没有人) |
- 形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置:
- The rabbit has something important to do.
- 兔子有重要的事情要做。
疑问代词(一般放在句首)
Who(主语)
- 含义:谁(作主语)
- 例句:Who saw the rabbit?
- 翻译:谁看见兔子了?
Whom(宾语)
- 含义:谁(作宾语)
- 例句:
- Whom did the rabbit see?
- 翻译:兔子看见了谁?
- ✅ 可用 Who 替代:Who did the rabbit see?
- 翻译:兔子看见了谁?
- Whom did the rabbit see?
- ❗ 当 whom 是[[介词]]宾语时必须紧跟[[介词]]:
- From whom did the rabbit get the carrots?
- 翻译:兔子从谁那得到了胡萝卜?
- ✅ 口语可用 who + [[介词]]后置:
- Who did the rabbit get the carrots from?
- From whom did the rabbit get the carrots?
What
- 含义:什么
- 例句:What did the rabbit see?
- 翻译:兔子看见了什么?
Which
- 含义:哪一个(有范围)
- 例句:Which is the best carrot?
- 翻译:哪一个是最好的胡萝卜?
Whose
- 含义:谁的(所有者属性)
- 例句:Whose is this carrot?
- 翻译:这是谁的胡萝卜?
连接代词
连接代词 | 含义 | 从句中作用 | 示例句 |
---|---|---|---|
what | ……的事物(内容) | 主语、宾语 | What he said is true. 他所说的是真的 |
who | 谁 | 主语 | Who comes first wins. 谁先到谁赢。 |
whom | 谁(宾语) | 宾语 | Whom she invited is unknown. 她邀请的是谁还不知道。 |
whose | 谁的 | 定语 | Whose book it is doesn’t matter. 这是谁的书并不重要。 |
which | 哪一个 | 主语/宾语 | Which is better is hard to say. 哪个更好很难说。 |
whoever | 无论谁,……的人 | 主语 | Whoever comes will be welcomed. 无论谁来都欢迎。 |
whatever | 无论什么 所有……的事物 | 主语/宾语 | Whatever you do is fine. 无论你做什么都行。 |
whichever | 无论哪一个 | 主语 | Whichever you choose is okay. 你选哪个都行。 |
关系代词
^ecf0ea
引导**[[从句#^dc938b|定语从句/形容词从句]]**
The rabbit who became hungry ate a carrot.
饿了的兔子吃了根胡萝卜.
The rabbit whom I saw ate a carrot.
我看见的那只兔子吃了根胡萝卜.
The rabbit whose ears are long ate a carrot.
那只耳朵长的兔子吃了根胡萝卜
The rabbit ate the carrot which/that I bought.
兔子吃了我买的胡萝卜.
The rabbit ate the carrot, as was expected.
兔子如预料的那样吃了胡萝卜.